Pterygium is a benign tissue growth that develops on the white part of the eye (the sclera), usually on the inside of the eye, and can extend to the cornea. It is often referred to as a “fly membrane” because of its appearance, as it often resembles a triangular shape extending from the eyelid to the pupil.
Causes of Pterygium
The exact cause of pterygium is not fully understood, but it is often associated with:
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight (UV radiation), especially in tropical and sunny climates.
- Smoke and pollution can increase the risk.
- Dry air or wind can contribute to the development of pterygium.
- Genetic predisposition: Some people may be more prone to developing pterygium due to hereditary factors.
Symptoms of Pterygium
In many cases, pterygium is asymptomatic and does not cause serious complaints. However, when it becomes larger or spreads to the cornea, the following symptoms may occur:
- Red, irritated eyes
- Dryness or a gritty feeling in the eye
- Blurred vision (if the pterygium extends to the cornea)
- Loss of aesthetic appearance, because the growth is visible to the eye
Treatment of Pterygium
Most pterygium do not require medical treatment unless they cause symptoms or affect vision. Treatment options may include:
- Eye Drops or Ointments: If pterygium is mild, artificial tears or anti-inflammatory eye drops may help relieve irritation.
- Chirurgische verwijdering: Als het pterygium grote ongemakken veroorzaakt, het zicht belemmert of cosmetisch storend is, kan een chirurgische ingreep worden uitgevoerd om het weefsel te verwijderen.
- Postoperatieve zorg kan antibiotische oogdruppels of steroïden omvatten om ontsteking te verminderen en het risico van terugkeer te verkleinen.
Complications and Return
Although most pterygium are treatable, the tissue can return after surgery, especially if the underlying causes, such as sun exposure, are not addressed. It is important to wear sun protection and protect the eyes from irritants after surgical treatment.
Prevention
To reduce the chance of developing pterygium, the following preventive measures can be taken:
Using artificial tears in dry climates may help reduce eye irritation.
UV Protection: Wear sunglasses with UV protection and a hat to protect your eyes from the sun.
Avoiding smoking and polluted environments can reduce the risk.